Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\left(1\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\left(3\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}\left(4\right)\)

\(\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\left(5\right)\)

\(\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{d}{b+d+a}< \frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}\left(6\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế (3);(4);(5);(6) ta có:

\(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đặt A = a/a+b+c + b/b+c+d + c/c+d+a + d/d+a+b

A > a/a+b+c+d + b/a+b+c+d + c/a+b+c+d + d+a+b+c+d

A > a+b+c+d/a+b+c+d = 1 (1)

Áp dụng a/b < 1 <=> a/b < a+m/b+m (a;b;m > 0) ta có:

A < a+d/a+b+c+d + a+b/a+b+c+d + b+c/a+b+c+d + c+d/a+b+c+d

A < 2.(a+b+c+d)/a+b+c+d

A < 2

Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm

nguồn:soyeon_Tiểubàng giải

lớp 6 làm thì hơi dài đấy, nếu bạn muốn thì có thể áp dụng các bất đẳng thức của lớp trên cho nhanh

+ \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\) (1)

+ Ta c/m : Nếu \(\frac{m}{n}< 1\) thì \(\frac{m}{n}< \frac{m+x}{n+x}\)

+ Ta có : \(\frac{m}{n}< 1\Leftrightarrow m< n\Leftrightarrow mx< nx\) ( m,n,x > 0 )

\(\Leftrightarrow mn+mx< mn+nx\Leftrightarrow m\left(n+x\right)< n\left(m+x\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{m}{n}< \frac{m+x}{n+x}\)

Áp dụng kết quả trên :

\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d}\) \(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\) (2)

+ Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm

Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\) với a , b > 0 ta có :

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a\left(d+a\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}=\frac{ad+a^2+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ad+a^2+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 1 )

\(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\frac{b\left(a+b\right)+d\left(c+d\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{ab+b^2+cd+d^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+b^2+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) cộng theo từng vế:

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Cần chứng minh rằng \(\frac{\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2ab+2bc+2cd+2ad+2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2cd+2bd\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge2ac+2bd\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ac+c^2+b^2-2bd+d^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vậy \(\frac{ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge2\)

Vì \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Vậy \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\)

Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki cho 2 bộ số \(\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b+c};\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{d+c};\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{d+a};\sqrt{d}.\sqrt{a+b}\right)\)

và \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}};\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{d+c}};\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{d+a}};\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right)\), ta được:

\(\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(d+c\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\right)\)\(\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+ac+bd+bc+cd+ac+ad+bd}\)(1)

Ta có \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Do đó: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra ĐPCM

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=d

Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)với x,y > 0

Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Cần chứng minh : \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = c ; b = d

Vậy ....

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{xy}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+bc+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db}\)

Ta chứng minh: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+4ac+4bd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge4ac+4bd\)(đúng)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu " =  "xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Áp dụng tính chất tỉ số ta có: \(\frac{a+b+d}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{a+b}{a+b+c}>\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự: với b,c rồi cộng vế theo vế có ĐPCM

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel và BĐT AM - GM ta có :

\(M=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\frac{c^2}{cd+ac}+\frac{d^2}{ad+bd}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ad+bc+cd+ab+2ac+2bd}\)

\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(2ad+2bc+2cd+2ab+2ac+2bd\right)+2ac+2bd}\)

\(\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(2ad+2bc+2cd+2ab+2ac+2bd\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2+^2}\)

\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = d

Chúc bạn học tốt !!!

Ta có : 

\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)\(\Rightarrow A>1\)( 1 )

Lại có :

\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c+b}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow A< 2\)( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\)A không phải là số tự nhiên ( vì 1 < A < 2 )

Ta thấy: 

\(\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d} \)

\(\frac{c+b}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}>\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}>A\)

VÀ  \(A>\)\(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow2>A>1\)

\(\Rightarrow\)A không là số tự nhiên với a,b,c,d > 0

Vậy A không là số tự nhiên với a,b,c,d > 0